Heart Rate-What Is this?
Heart rate refers to the number of times the heart beats per minute (BPM). Each heartbeat represents the heart contracting and pumping blood through the arteries.
Heart rate changes throughout the day depending on factors such as physical activity, emotions, sleep, stress levels, body position, medications, and overall health.
A healthy heart can adjust its rate according to the body’s needs, slowing down during rest and increasing during exercise or stress.
Normal Heart Rate Range
For most adults, a normal resting heart rate ranges between:
60 to 100 beats per minute
However, what is considered normal can vary depending on age, fitness level, and medical conditions.
Normal Heart Rate by Age
Newborns: 100–160 BPM
Children (1–10 years): 70–120 BPM
Teenagers: 60–100 BPM
Adults: 60–100 BPM
Athletes: 40–60 BPM (can be normal due to strong heart muscles)
A resting heart rate consistently above or below the normal range may require medical evaluation
Types of Abnormal Heart Rate
Abnormal heart rate conditions are medically called arrhythmias. The two most common types include:
1. Tachycardia (Fast Heart Rate)
Tachycardia occurs when the resting heart rate is above 100 BPM.
2. Bradycardia (Slow Heart Rate)
Bradycardia occurs when the resting heart rate is below 60 BPM, especially when accompanied by symptoms.
Symptoms of Abnormal Heart Rate
Symptoms may vary depending on whether the heart rate is too fast or too slow.
Symptoms of Fast Heart Rate
Palpitations or pounding heartbeat
Shortness of breath
Chest discomfort
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Anxiety or restlessness
Fatigue
Sweating
Fainting in severe cases
Symptoms of Slow Heart Rate
Extreme fatigue
Dizziness
Weakness
Shortness of breath
Confusion
Fainting or near-fainting episodes
Poor exercise tolerance
Some people may have abnormal heart rates without noticeable symptoms, which makes regular checkups important
Heart Rate and Thyroid Connection
The thyroid gland plays a critical role in regulating heart rate.
Hyperthyroidism can cause a persistently fast heart rate and palpitations.
Hypothyroidism may lead to a slow heart rate and reduced cardiac output.
Because of this strong link, doctors often recommend thyroid testing when unexplained heart rate abnormalities occur
How to Measure Heart Rate
Heart rate can be measured easily at home or in a medical setting.
Manual Method
Place two fingers on your wrist or neck
Count the beats for 60 seconds
Record the number
Digital Methods
Smartwatches and fitness trackers
Blood pressure monitors
Pulse oximeters
For accurate assessment, measure your heart rate while resting and relaxed.
Heart Rate Tests and Diagnosis
If abnormal heart rate is suspected, doctors may recommend:
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
Holter monitor (24–48 hours)
Event monitor
Echocardiogram
Blood tests (thyroid levels, electrolytes, anemia)
Stress test
These tests help identify rhythm problems and underlying causes.
Treatment Options for Abnormal Heart Rate
Treatment depends on the cause, severity, and type of heart rate disorder.
Medical Treatment
Beta-blockers
Anti-arrhythmic medications
Thyroid medications
Blood pressure control drugs
Advanced Treatments
Pacemaker (for severe bradycardia)
Catheter ablation
Cardioversion
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
Treatment is always individualized and should be guided by a cardiologist
Lifestyle Changes for Healthy Heart Rate
Healthy habits play a major role in maintaining a normal heart rate.
Recommended Lifestyle Practices
Regular physical activity
Stress management (meditation, breathing exercises)
Adequate sleep
Maintaining healthy body weight
Staying hydrated
Limiting caffeine and alcohol
Quitting smoking
Heart-Healthy Diet
Fruits and vegetables
Whole grains
Lean proteins
Fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids
Low salt and low sugar intake
When to See a Doctor
You should consult a doctor immediately if you experience:
Persistent rapid or slow heartbeat
Chest pain
Fainting or dizziness
Shortness of breath
Heart palpitations with anxiety or weakness
Family history of heart disease
Early diagnosis can prevent life-threatening complications such as stroke or heart failure.